It's been replaced with one of the set of new
xoroshiro algorithms, which I didn't know about until yesterday. The code is so short that you can't believe they actually work and produce results that pass tests that even some of the famous ones like Mersenne Twister can fail. I'm just amazed by the
brevity and quality (C code links top-right).
ILSpy shows how Random has been completely rejigged to use the new algorithm or fallback to the internal Net5CompatDerivedImpl class.